SURVEY OF LEAD, CADMIUM AND MERCURY IN CATTLE MACROENVIRONMENT IN BENI-SUEF GOVERNORATE, EGYPT مسح لمستويات الرصاص والکادميوم والزئبق في البيئة الخارجية للماشية بمحافظة بنى سويف -مصر

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

ABSTRACT :




Concentrations of lead, cadmium and mercury in cattle macroenvironment (water and animal feedstuffs) in six districts, El-Fashn, Beba, Somosta, Ahnasia, Beni-Suef, and Naser at Beni-Suef Governorate were evaluated. Samples of water, Green corn (Darawa) & Wheat straw (Tibn) were collected from the six districts, subjected to analysis for quantitative estimation of lead, cadmium and mercury concentration. The obtained results revealed that, lead levels in water samples were 0.07±0.002, 0.091±0.0019, 0.107±0.036, 0.0879± 0.014, 0.086±0.019, 0.089±0.0034 ppm in El-Fashn, Beba, Beni-Suef, Somosta, Naser and Ahnasia districts, respectively while lead concentrations in feedstuffs reached 3.123±0.2, 2.478±0.09, 2.201±0.38, 2.204±0.17, 2.283±0.28, 2.670±0.33 in Darawa and 2.507±0.24, 1.888±0.056, 2.078±0.084, 2.226±0.11, 4.2±0.56, 2.13±0.27 ppm in Tibn in El-Fashn, Beba, Beni-Suef, Somosta, Naser and Ahnasia districts, respectively. Cadmium levels in water samples in Beni-Suef Governorate revealed no increase in cadmium levels than the international standards except in area of Beni-Suef district, which has an average of 0.0136 ppm and a maximum concentration of 0.023 ppm while cadmium concentrations in Darawa were 2.7±0.5, 2.391±0.59, 0.75±0.17 ppm in Beni-Suef and Somosta and Beba districts in the same time Tibn contained cadmium concentrations of 1.93±0.6, 1.28±0.55, 1.32±0.33, 0.743±0.19 and 0.529±0.093 ppm in Beni-Suef, Somosta, Ahnasia, El-Fashn and Naser respectively. The analytical results of mercury in watersamples were 0.0014±0.0061, 0.00573±0.0034, 0.096.3±0.0091, 0.0018±0.0003, 0.0018±0.0003, 0.0026±0.0011 ppm in El-Fashn, Beba, Beni-Suef, Somosta, Naser and Ahnasia districts, respectively. Analysis of feedstuffs for mercury revealed that Darawa contained 0.0726±0.0435, 0.1163±0.0695, 0.423±0.012, 0.059±0.012, 0.11±0.052, 1.071±0.344 ppm while Tibn contained 0.716±0.41, 0.0165±0.0042, 0.369±0.003, 0.297±0.068, 0.217±0.049 and 0.094±0.057 in El-Fashn, Beba, Beni-Suef, Somosta, Naser and Ahnasia districts, respectively.
نظراً لأهمية دراسة التلوث البيئى بالمعادن الثقيلة وما له من مدلولات خطيرة على صحة الإنسان والحيوان، فقد أجرى هذا البحث بغية توضيح وقياس مستوى الرصاص والکادميوم والزئبق فى مصادر طعام وشراب الماشية فى ستة مراکز من محافظة بنى سويف للمرة الأولى کنوع من أنواع التقييم البيئى بالمحافظة، وکذلک لتوضيح الأثر السام لهذه المعادن على صحة الحيوان، وأيضا أثرها الضار الناجم من تناول هذه اللحوم، وقد تم تجميع 60 عينة من عينات المياه ومثلها من عينات الغذاء (30 عينة من التبن، 30 عينة من الدراوة) من المراکز السابق  ذکرها.
وأسفرت النتائج عن وجود عنصر الرصاص فى عينات المياه بنسب 0.07، 0.09، 0.107، 0.0879، 0.086، 0.09 جزء من المليون (مجم/لتر) بمناطق الفشن، ببا، بنى سويف، سمسطا، ناصر وأهناسيا علي التوالي أما في الغذاء فوصل مستوي الرصاص إلى: 3.123، 2.478، 2.201، 2.204، 2.283، 2.671 في الدراوة، أما بالنسبة للتبن فکانت مستويات الرصاص کالتالي: 2.507، 1.888، 2.078،2.226، 4.2، 2.13 جزء من المليون في الفشن، ببا، بنى سويف، سمسطا، ناصر وأهناسيا علي التوالي. وتوضح هذه النتائج ارتفاع مستوى الرصاص عن الحد المسموح به (0.05 مجم/لتر) فى جميع عينات المياه التى تم جمعها من جميع مراکز محافظة بنى سويف بينما کان مستوى الرصاص فى طعام الحيوانات أقل من المستوى المسموح به لدى منظمة الصحة العالمية مما يرجح أن يکون المصدر الأساسى للتلوث بالرصاص هو تلوث المياه. أما الکادميوم فلم يتعد المستوي الدولي فيما عدا مرکز بنى سويف، والتي بلغت متوسط نسبته إلى: 0.0136 جزء من مليون، وقد بلغ أعلى ترکيز له 0.023 جزء من المليون. وبتحليل نسبة الکادميوم في الدراوة وجد أن ترکيزه کان 2.7، 2.39، 0.75 جزء من المليون في مراکز بنى سويف، سمسطا وببا على التوالى بينما کان ترکيز الکادميوم في التبن کالتالي: 1.93، 1.28، 1.32، 0.74، 0.529 جزء من المليون في مرکز بنى سويف، سمسطا، أهناسيا، الفشن وناصر علي التوالي. ويتضح من النتائج ارتفاع مستوى عنصر الکادميوم في عينات المياه التى تم جمعها من مرکز بنى سويف فقط عن المعايير الدولية (0.05 جزء فى المليون)، وکذلک فى عينات الدراوه بنى سويف وسمسطا وببا، وأيضا فى عينات التبن الخاصة ببنى سويف وسمسطا وأهناسيا والفشن وناصر مما يعنى أن هناک مصدراً من مصادر التلوث بالکادميوم فى هذه المناطق.
وبتحليل عينات المياه وجد أن ترکيز الزئبق بها کان کالتالي: 0.0014، 0.0057، 0.096، 0.0002، 0.0018، 0.0026 جزء فى المليون في المراکز: الفشن، ببا، بنى سويف، سمسطا، ناصر وأهناسيا علي التوالي، أما ترکيز الزئبق في عينات الدراوة فکانت 0.0726، 0.116، 0.423، 0.059، 0.11، 1.071 جزء من المليون، بينما کان ترکيز الزئبق في عينات التبن کالتالي: 0.717، 0.165، 0.37، 0.297، 0.217، 0.094علي التوالي. وقد کان مرکز أهناسيا أقل المراکز تلوثاً بعنصر الزئبق بينما کان مرکز سمسطا من أکثر المراکز تلوثاً مما يدعو إلى ضرورة البحث عن مصادر هذه الملوثات وإيجاد الحلول المناسبة لتقليل أو منع تسربها إلى البيئة المحيطة، وهذا يحتاج إلى مزيد من الدراسة.

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