ALUMINIUM TOXICITY IN RATS : THE ROLE OF TANNIC ACID AS ANTIOXIDANT سمية الألمونيوم على الفئران: دور حامض التانيک کمضاد للأکسدة

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

ABSTRACT :




Prospective studies suggest that tea may protect against oxidative stress that induced tissue damage. A potential mechanism for such effect by polyphenolic antioxidants tannic acid derived from tea was evaluated in this study. Treatment of rats with aluminium chloride for 80 days caused moderate toxicity on liver, kidney’s and spleen as shown by elevation of free radicals (lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide) and reduction of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, gluathione transferase, and glutathione and vitamin E) as well as histopathological changes. However, improvement was noticed in the rats treated with tannic acid in addition to aluminium chloride. This study proved that tannic acid has a role as an antioxidant in protection of rats from the aluminum toxicity.
 
أشارت دراسات عديدة سابقة إلى مقدرة الشاى على حماية الخلايا والأنسجة من الإجهاد التأکسدى، ولهذا تم فى هذه الدراسة استخدام حامض التانيک أحد مکونات الشاى کمضاد للأکسدة. وتم فى هذه الدراسة تعريض الفئران لکلوريد الألمونيوم (30 مجم/کجم من وزن الجسم) لمدة 80 يوماً مما تسبب فى سمية متوسطة على کبد، کلى وطحال هذه الفئران، وذلک من خلال زيادة نسبة الشوارد الحرة (الأکسدة الفوقية للدهون وأکسيد النيتريک)، ونقص فى مضادات الأکسدة (السوبر أکسيد ديسميوتيز، الکتاليز والجلوتثيون تراسنفيريز والجلوتاثيون وفيتامين هـ). علاوة على التغيرات الباثولوجية. قد لوحظ تحسن واضح فى هذه التغيرات فى الفئران التى تم معالجتها بحامض التانيک مع کلوريد الألمونيوم. وقد اتضح من هذه الدراسة دور حامض التانيک کمضاد للأکسدة فى التقليل من سمية کلوريد الألمونيوم فى الفئران.

REFERENCES

1-Bancroft, J.D. and Stevens,A.(1982): Theory and Practice of Histological Technique .2 nd Ed. Charcil livingstone.Edinbergh, London.
2-Baxter M.J.; Burell J.A; Crews R.C.; and Massey R.C. (1989): Aluminium in infant formula and tea leaching during cooking inaluminium in food and the environment. Edited by Massy RC and Taylor .PP.77-87. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
3-Bertholf R.L.; Nicholson J.R. Wills M.R. and Savory J. (1987):        Measurement of lipid peroxidation products in rabbit brain organs (response to aluminium exposure). Ann. Clin. Lab.Sci., 17:418-         423.
4-Beutler E.; duron O.; and Kelly B.M .(1963): Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J. Lab. Clin. Meth, 61:882-888.
5-Chainy G.B.; Samanata L. and Rout M.(1996): Effect of aluminium on superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation of rat liver. Res. Commun. in Molec. Pathol. Pharmacol., 94:217-220.
6-Cheeseman K.H. Emery S.; Maddix S.P.; Slater T.F.; Burton G.W.; and Ingold K.(1988): Studies of lipid peroxidation in normal and tumor tissues. Biochem. J., 250:247
7-Cournot-Witmer G.; Zingraff G.; and Ptachot J.J. (1986): Effect of aluminium on bone and cell localization. Kid Int., 29: 537-540.
8-Demircan M.; Orkan E.; Canan C.; Funda Y.; Sebil A.; and Geylan O.(1998): Aluminium in total parenteral nutrition solution produce portal inflammation in rats. JPGN,26:274-278.
9-De Voto E., Yokel R.A. (1994): The biological speciation and toxicokinetics of aluminium. Environ Health Perspect, 102:940-951.
10-Ding A.H.; Nathan C.F.; and Stuchr D.J. (1988): Release of reactive nitrogen interm-ediate and reactive oxygen intermediate from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of activating cytokines and evidence for independent production. J. Immunol., 141: 2407-2412.
11-El-Sherbiny, S.A. and El-Sayyed. I.I. (1998): Protective effect of glutathione against aluminiumtoxicity affecting femur bone of pregnant diabetic and non diabetic albino rats. J.Egypt.Germ. Soc.Zool., 26:87-102.
12-El-Yamany N.A.; Al-Azhary D.B. and Abdel-Moumen L.A.(1997): Biochemical and histoc-hemical changes in liver of Aluminium-intoxicated albino rats: Examination of succenic acid as chelating                 agent. J. Union. Arab. Biol., Cairo, 7:383-410.
13-Fulton B. and Jeffery E. (1994): The temporal relationship between hepatic GSH loss, hemeoxigenase induction and cytochrome P 450     loss following intraperi-toneal aluminium administration to mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 127:291-297.
14-Galle, P. and Giudicelli, C.P.(1982): Toxicate de I’aluminium poure I’hepatocyte localization ultrastructural at microanalyses desdepots. Nouv. Presse. Med., 11: 1123-1125.
15-Greger J.L. (1992): Dietary and other sources of aluminium intake, In: Aluminium in biology and medicine. New York: Wiley, pp.26-49.
16-Habig,W.H.; Pabst,M.J..and Jokoby, W.B. (1974): Glutathione s-transferase. J. Biol. Chem., 249:7130-7139.
17-Halliwell B. and Gutteridge J.M. (1985): Free radicals in biology and medicine. Clarendon press Inc: Oxford.
18-Joshi J.G. (1990): Aluminium, a neurotoxin which affects diverse                metabolic reactions. Biofactors, 2: 163-169.
19-Khan N.S.;and Hadi S.M. (1998): Structural features of tannic acid important for DNA degradation in the presence of Cu+2. Mutagenesis, 13:271-274.
20-Klein G.L.; Heyman M.B.; LeeT.C.; and Rassin D.K.(1989): Aluminium altered glycine and turine conjugation of bile acid following aluminium administration. J. Peditor Gastrointes. Nutr., 9:361-364.
21-Lai B. and Blass J.P. (1984): Inhibition of brain glycolysis by aluminium. J. Neurochem., 42:438-446.
22-Lowry OH.; Rosenbrough NJ.; Far AL.; and Randall RJ. (1951):Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275.
23-Luck H. (1963): Catalase. In methods of enzymatic analysis edited by Bergmer HU. Academic Press, New York, PP.885-888.
24-Marie M.A.S. (1994): Toxic effect of aluminium on plasma parameters and             liver functions of Nile Catfish Clarias lazera. J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zoll., 13:279-294.
25-Misra H.P. and Fridovich I. (1972): The role of superoxide anion in the autooxidation of epinephrine and a simple method for superoxide dismutase determination. J. Biol. Chem., 3170-3175.
26-Neri L.; Di-Renzo G.C.; Cacerta g.; Gallineli A.; and Facchinett    F.(1995): Impact of the L-arginine/nitric oxide system in             pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol Survey, 50_851-858.
27-Ohkawa H.; Ohishi N.; and Yagi K. (1979): Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissue by thiobarbaturic acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 95:351-358.
28-Perl D.P. and Brody A. R. (1980): Alzheimer’s : X-ray spectrometric evidence of aluminium in neurofibrally tangle bearing neurons. Science, 208:297-299.
29-Quinlan G.J.;Gutteridge J.M. and Halliwell B.(1988): Action of    aluminium ions on iron stimulated lipid peroxidation in liposome, erythrocytes and rat liver microsomal functions. Biochimica.      Biophysica. Acta, 962:196-200.
30-Reitman S. and Frankel S. (1957): A colorimetric determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic transaminase. Am. J. Pathol., 28:56-63.
31-Roe J.H. (1961): Standard methods of clinical chemistry, Vol.3 edited by David Selgson, Acad. Press.New York, p. 35.
32-Roy A.K.; Taloukder G., and Sharma A.(1991): Similar effects in vivo of two aluminium salts on the liver, kidney, bone and brain of Ratus            norvegicus. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,47: 288-295.
33-Serra M.A.; Barassi V.; Caravese C., and Sabbioni E. (1991): Aluminium effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase and other antioxigenic enzymes in vitro. Biol. Trac., 31:79-96.
34-Sjogren B.; elinder V.G; and Lidums V. (1988): Uptake and urinary excretion of alu-minium among welders. Internation. Arch. of Occupational and Environ. Health, 60:77-79.
35-Spencer A.J.; Wood A.J.; Saunders M.S.; and Lote C.J.(1995):       Aluminium deposition in liver and kidney following acute             intavenous administration of aluminium cloride or citrate in              conscious rats. Hum. Exper. Toxicol., 14:787-794.
36-Swain M.K.and chainy G.B. (1997): Aluminium effect on lipid peroxidation and on the activity of superoxide dismutase in cerebral hemisphere and liver of young chicks. J. Trac. Elem. Med.              Biol., 11:77-82.
37-Voget T.(1986): Water quality and health study of possible relation             between aluminium in drinking water and dementia. Social Ognomiske Studier 61, Central Bureaus of Statistics, Oslo, Norway.
38-White W.L.; Erickson M.M.; and Stevens S.G. (1976): Chemistry of theclinical labora-tory, PP.101-107, Mosby Co. Louis.
39-Xu Z..X.; Fox S.; Melethel L.; Winderg I. and Badr M. (1990): Mechanism of aluminium-induced inhibition of hepatic glycolysis. J. Pharm. Exp.Ther., 254:301-305.
40-Yoshino M.;Ito M.; Haneda M.; Tsubouchi R. and Murakami  K.(1999): Prooxidant action of aluminium ion-stimulation of iron mediated           lipid peroxidation by aluminium. Bio Metals, 12:237-240.