MYCOTOXICOSIS 2-OCHRATOXIN A التسمم الفطري 2- الأوکراتوکسيـن

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

ABSTRACT :




                Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites synthesized by fungi when moisture and temperature are suitable. The mycotoxins of concern are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin. Ochratoxins are a group of structurally related metabolites that are produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Ochratoxins A the most prevalent naturally occurring member of the group in a nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic and carcinogenic in many species.
          Contamination of food and feed supplies with ochratoxins A could increase the health risks to humans and animals.
          In human, OA is implicated in Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), a disease characterized by tubulonephritis. It induces in animals, a tubulointerstitial nephropathy similar to BEN in human. In this article, the toxicity of OA in human, animals and poultry was discussed.
        السموم الفطرية هي مرکبات کيميائية سامة تفرزها  بعض أنواع الفطريات التي تنمو علي الأغذية والأعلاف  وتختلف هذه السموم باختلاف ترکيبها الکيميائي وتأثيرها السمي  ودرجة ضراوته. ومن أهم السموم الفطرية الأفلاتوکسن والأوکراتوکسين والفيومونيزين والزيرالينون والدي اوکس نيفالينول والتى-2 توکسين.
وتعتبر سموم الأوکراتوکسين من أهم السموم الفطرية التي تسبب أضرار صحية بالغة للإنسان والحيوان والطيور ، حيث يؤدي التعرض لسموم الأوکراتوکسين خاصة الأوکراتوکسين أ إلى تغيرات باثولوجية متعددة بالکلى قد تصل إلى الفشل الکلوي  وتسرطن الکلي بالإضافة إلى بعض أعضاء الجسم خاصة الکبد.
وقد استهدفت هذه الورقة إلقاء الضوء علي کيفيه التعرض لسموم الأوکراتوکسين والأعراض الأکلينيکيه والتغيرات الباثولوجية المصاحبة لذلک في کل من الإنسان والحيوانات والطيور وکذلک الحدود المسموح بها بالنسبة لترکيزات الأوکراتوکسين في الأغذية والأعلاف محليا وعالميا حتى يمکن اتباع الإجراءات الوقائية ضد الفطريات المفرزة للاوکراتوکسين أو التخلص من سمومها في الأغذية والأعلاف بالطرق الخاصة بذلک. 

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