REFERENCES:
Abd El-Salam, E.B.; El-Tayeb, A.F.; Nor El Din, A.A. and Abdulmagid, A.M. (1989): "Aflatoxicosis in fattening sheep." Vet. Rec.; 124: 487-488.
Angsubhakorn, S. (2000): "Mycotoxins and human health risks, an overview." In: Mycotxoin prevention and control in food grains. A collaborative publication of the UNDP/FAO, Regional Network Intercountry Cooperation on preharvest technology and quality control of food grains and ASEAN grain post-harvest programe, Bangkok, Thailand.
Angsubhakorn, S.; Poomvises, P.; Romruen, K. and Newbern, P.M. (1981): "Aflatoxicosis in horses." Am, Vet. Med. Assoc., 178: 274-278.
Applebaum, R.S.; Brackett, R.E.; Wiseman, D.W. and Marth, E.H. (1982): "Aflatoxin: toxicity to dairy cattle and occurrence in milk and milk products." A review. J. Food. Prot., 45 (8): 752-777.
Archibald, R. McG.; Smith, H.J. and Smith, J.D. (1962): "Brazilian groundnut toxicosis in Canadian broiler chickens." Can. Vet. J., 3: 322-325.
Armbrecht, B.H.; Shalkop, W.T.; Rollins, L.D.; Pohland, A.E. and Stoloff, L. (1970): "Acute toxicity of AFB1 in weathers." Nature, Lond., 225: 1062-1063.
Asao, T.; Bushi, G.; Abdul Kader, M.M.; Chang, G.B.; Wich, E.L. and Wogon, G.N. (1963): "The structure of aflatoxins B1 and G1" J. Am. Soc., 882-886.
Asplin, F.D. and Carnaghan, R.B. (1961): "The toxicity of certain groundnut meals for poultry with special reference to their effect on ducklings and chickens." Vet. Res., 73: 1215-1219.
Asquith, R. (1979): "Aflatoxicosis in Sheetland ponies. AJVR, manuscript presented for publication" In: FDA (1979).
Asuzu, I.U. and Shetty, S.N. (1986): "Acute aflatoxicosis in broiler chicken in Nsuka, Nigeria." Trop. Vet., 4: 79-80.
Autrup, J.L.; Schmidt, J. and Autrup, H. (1993): "Exposure to AFB1 in animal-feed production plant workers." Environ. 41th Perspect., pp. 195-197.
Bastianello, S.S.; Nesbit, J.W.; Willians, M.C. and Lange, A.L. (1987): "Pathological findings in a natural outbreak of aflatoxicosis in dogs." Ondersteport J. Vet. Res., 54: 635-640.
Batra, P.; Pruthi, A.K. and Sadana, J.R. (1991): "Effect of AFB1 of the efficacy of turkey herpes virus vaccine against Marek's disease." Res. Vet. Sci., 51: 115-119.
Blancy, B.K. and Williams, K.C. (1991): "Effective use in livestock feeds of mouldy and weather damaged grain containing mycotoxins. Case histories and economic assessments pertaining to pig and poultry industries of Queensland." Aust. J. Agric. Res., 42: 993-1012.
Bodine, A.B. and Mrtens, D.R. (1983): "Toxicology, metabolism and physiological effects of aflatoxin in the bovine." Pp. 46-50. In: U.L. Diener; R.L. Asquith and J.W. Dickens Eds. Aflatoxin and A. flavus in corn. AAES, Auburn Univ., Alabama.
Bortell, R.; Asquith, R.L.; Edds, G.T.; Simpson, C.F. and Aller, W.W. (1983): "Acute experimentally induced aflatoxicosis in the weanling pony." Am. J. Vet. Res., 44: 2110.
Brackett, R.E. and Marth, E.H. (1982): "Association of AFM1 with casein." Z. Lebensm Unters Forsch, 174: 439.
Briggs, D.M. Wyatt, R.D. and Hamilton, P.B. (1974): "The effect of dietary aflatoxin on semen characteristics of mature broiler breeder males." Poult. Sci., 53: 2115-2119.
Bryden, W.L.; Lioyd, A.B. and Cumming, R.B. (1980): "Aflatoxin contamination of Australian animal feeds and suspected cases of mycotoxicosis." Aust. Vet. J., 56: 176-180.
Buchi, G. and Rae, I.D. (1969): "The structure and chemistry of aflatoxins." In: Goldblatt, L.A. (Ed.), Aflatoxins, p. 55, Academic Press, New York.
Bullerman, L.B. (1981): "Public health significance of molds and mycotxoins in fermented dairy products." J. Dairy Sci., 64: 2439-2452.
Burnside, J.E.; Sipple, W.L.; Forgacs, J.; Carll, W.T.; Atwood, M.B. and Doll, E.R. (1957): "A disease of swine and cattle caused by eating moldy corn. II. Experimental production with pure cultures of molds." Am. J. Vet. Res., 18: 817.
Busby, W.F. and Wogan, G.N. (1979): "Food-borne mycotoxins and alimentary mycotoxicosis" In: Food-borne infections and intoxications. 2nd ed., Riemann, H. and Bryan, F.L. eds., Academic press, New York: 537.
Butler, W.H. (1974): "Aflatoxin" Pp. 1-28. In: I.F.H.Purchase (Ed.) Mycotoxins. Elsevier Scientific publ. Co., Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Calnek, B.C.; Barnes, H.J.; MCDougald, L.R. and Saif, Y.M. (1997): "Diseases of poultry." 10th ed., Pp. 951-979. Mosby-Wolfe, Iowa state Univ. press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Calnek, B.W.; John Barnes, H.; Beard, C.W.; Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. (1991): "Diseases of poultry." 9th ed. Pp.893-897.
Campbell, M.L.Jr.; May, J.D.; Huff, W.E. and Doerr, J.A. (1983): "Evaluation of immunity of young broiler chickens during simultaneous aflatoxicosis and ochratoxicosis." Poult. Sci., 62: 2138-2144.
Campbell, T.C. and Hayes, J.R. (1976): Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 35: 199-222. Cited by Hsieh (1983).
Cassel, E.K.; Barao, S.M. and Carmal, D.K. (1988): "Aflatoxicosis and ruminants." Texas Vet. Med. Diagnostic lab, Tesas collage. The national dairy database (1992) NDB, Health, Test, Hf100200. TxT.
CAST, Council for Agric. Sci. and Technol. (1989): "Mycotoxins economic and health risks." Task force report No. 116, Nov. 1989.
CCFAC, Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (2001): "European Community, International Food Safety Issues." Directorate General Health and Consumer Protection.
Chaffee, V.W.; Edds, G.T.; Himes, J.A. and Neal, F.C. (1969): "Aflatoxicosis in dogs" Am. J. Vet. Res., 30: 1737-1749.
Chang, C.F. and Hamilton, P.B. (1979a): "Impaired phagocytosis by heterophils from chickens during aflatoxicosis." Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 46: 459.
Chang, C.F. and Hamilton, P.B. (1979b): "Refractory phagocytosis by chicken thrombocytes during aflatoxicosis." Poult. Sci., 58: 559-561.
Cheeke, P.R. and Shull, L.R. (1985): "Natural toxins in feeds and poisonous plant." Westport, Conn, AVI, Pp. 402-422.
Chrevatidis, A.; Eggington, A.; Piacentini, M.; Wilson, P. and Patel, P. (2003): "Fact sheet on introduction to mycotoxins" 2. The aflatoxins. EMAN, Leatherhead food RA, leatherhead surrey KT227RY, UK.
Christensen, C.M. (1965): "Fungi in careal grains and their mycotoxins in foodstuffs" MIT press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Colvin, B.M.; Harrison, L.R.; Grosser, H.S. and Hall, R.F. (1984): "Aflatoxicosis in feeder cattle." J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 184: 956.
Connaughton, D. (1989): "The threat of aflatocicosis." J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 194: 743-746.
Cook, W.O.; Richard, J.L.; Osweiller, G.D. and Trampel, D.W. (1986): "Clinical and pathological changes in acute bovine aflatoxicosis: Rumen motility and tissue and fluid concentrations of aflatoxins B1 and M1." Am. J. Vet. Res., 47: 1817-1825.
Corrier, D.E. (1991): "Mycotoxicosis: Mechanism of immunosuppression." Vet. Immunol. Immuno Pathol., 30: 73-87.
Cysewski, S.J.; Pier, A.C.; Baetz, A.L. and Cheville, N.F. (1982): "Experimental Equine aflatoxicosis." Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 65: 354-365.
Dafalla, R.; Hassan, Y.M. and Adam, S.E.I. (1987a): "Fatty and hemorrhagic liver and kidney syndrome in breeding hens caused by AFB1 and heat stress in the Sudan." Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 29: 222-226.
Dafalla, R.; Yagi, A.I. and Adam, S.E.I. (1987b): "Experimental aflatoxicosis in Hybro-type chicks: Sequential changes in growth and serum constituents and histopathological changes." Vet. Human Toxicol., 29: 222-225.
Daniels, J.M. and Massey, T.E. (1992): "Modulation of AFB1 biotransformation in rabbit pulmonary and hepatic microsomes." Toxicology, 74: 19-32.
Davis, N.D. and Diener, V.L. (1983): "Some characteristics of toxigenic and non toxigenic isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus." In: V.L. Diener; R.L. Asquith and J.W. Dickens; Ed. Aflatoxin and A. flavus is corn. Southern Coop. Series, Bull. 279, Craftmaster, Opelika, Ala. 112P.
Devero, A. (1999): "Aflatoxins: The effects on human and animal health." BIOL, 4900; Fall, 1999.
Diekman, A.; Coffey, M.T.; Purkhiser, E.D.; Reeves, D.E. and Young, L.G. (1992): "Mycotoxins and swine performance." CES, PTH-129, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indian.
Diener, U.L. and Davis, N.D. (1968): "Effect of environment on aflatoxin production in peanuts" Tropical science, 10: 22-25.
Doerr, J.A. (1979): "Mycotoxicosis and avian hematosis." Diss. Abstr. B Sci. Eng., 4127.
Doerr, J.A. and Hamilton, P.B. (1981): "Aflatoxicosis and intrinsic coagulation function in broiler chickens." Poult. Sci., 60: 528.
Doerr, J.A. and Ottinger, M.A. (1980): "Delayed reproductive development resulting from aflatoxicosis in Juvenile Japanese quail." Poult. Sci., 59: 1995-2001.
Doerr, J.A.; Huff, W.E.; Wabeck, C.J.; Chaloupka, G.W.; May, J.D. and Merkley, J.W. (1983): "Effects of low level chronic aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens." Poult. Sci., 62: 1971-1977.
Doerr, J.A.; Huff, W.E.; Wyatt, R.D. and Hamilton, P.B. (1974): "Survey of T-2 toxin, ochratoxin and aflatoxin for their effects on the coagulation of blood in young broiler chickens." Poult. Sci., 53: 1729.
Doerr, J.A.; Wyatt, R.D. and Hamilton, P.B. (1976): "Impairment of coagulation function during aflatoxicosis in young chickens." Toxicol. Appl. Phormacol., 35: 437.
Donaldson, W.E.; Tung, H.T. and Hamilton, P.B. (1972): "Depression of fatty acid synthesis in chick liver by aflatoxin." Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 41B: 843.
Eaton, D.L. and Groopman, J.D. (1994): "The toxicology of aflatoxins." Human health, veterinary and agricultural significance. Pp. 6-8 Academic press, San Diego, Ca.
Edds, G.T. and Bortell, R.A. (1983): "Biological effects of aflatoxins-poultry." Pp. 56-61. In:L U.L. Diener, R.L. Asquity and J.W. Dickens Eds. Aflatoxin and A. flavus in corn AAES, Auburn Univ, Alabama.
Edds, G.T.; Nair, N.P. and Simpson, C.F. (1973): "Effect of AFB1 on resistance in poultry against cecal coccidiosis and Marek's disease." Am. J. Vet. Res., 34: 819-826.
FAO, Food and Agricultural Organization (1979): "FAO, Food and Nutrition." Paper No. 64, pp. 1-43; Rome.
FDA, Food and Drug Administration (1979): "Conference on mycotoxins in animal feeds and grains related to animal health." June, 8, 1979, Rockville, Maryland.
Fehr, P.M. and Delage, J. (1970): "Effect de l'aflatoxine sur les fermentations du rumen." Can. Nutr. Diet., 5: 59-61.
Frobish, R.A.; Bradley, B.D.; Wagner, D.D.; Long-Bradley, P.E. and Hairston, H. (1986): "Aflatoxin residues in milk of dairy cows after ingestion of naturally contaminated grains" J. Food. Prot., 49: 731.
FSIS, Food Safety and Insepection Service (1998): "National residue program." U.S. Dept." of Agric., Washington, DC20250.
Garlich, J.D.; Tung, H.T. and Hamilton, P.B. (1973): "The effects of short term feeding of aflatoxin on egg production and some plasma constituents of laying hens." Poult. Sci., 52: 2206.
Gewurz, H. and Suyehira, L.A. (1976): "Manual of clinical immunology." Rose, N.R. and Friedman, H.R. Eds., American Society of Microbiologists, Washongton, D.C., 36.
Giambrone, J.J.; Diener, U.I.; Davis, N.D.; Panangala, V.S. and Hoerr, F.J. (1985): "Effects of aflatoxin on young turkeys and broiler chickens" Poult. Sci., 64: 1678-1684.
Giambrone, J.J.; Ewert, D.L.; Wyatt, R.D. and Eidson, C.S. (1978a): "Effect of aflatoxin on the humoral and cell-mediated immune systems of chicken." Am. J. Vet. Res., 39: 305.
Giambrone, J.J.; Partadiredja, M.; Eidson, C.S.; Kleven, S.H. and Wyatt, R.D. (1978b): "Interaction of aflatoxin with infectious bursal disease virus infection in young chickens." Avian Dis., 22: 431.
Glahn, R.P. (1993): "Mycotoxins and the avian kidney: Assessment of physiological function." WLD. Poult. Sci. J. 49: 242-250.
Greene, H.J. and Ochme, F.W. (1976): "A possible case of equine aflatoxicosis." Clin. Toxicol., 9: 251.
Gregory, J.F.; Goldstein, S.L. and Eds, G.T. (1983): "Metabolite distribution and rate of residue clearance in turkeys fed a diet containing AFB1." Fd. Chem. Toxicol., 21: 463-467.
Groopman, J.D.; Donahue, P.R.; Zhu, J.; Chen, J. and Wogan, G.N. (1985): "Aflatoxin metabolism in humans. Detection of metabolites and nucleic acid adducts in urine by affinity chromatography." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 82: 6492-6497.
Guthrie, L.D. (1979): "Effect of aflatoxin in corn on production and reproduction in dairy cattle" J. Dairy Sci.: 62: 134.
Haddad, L.H. (1990): "Clinical management of poisoning and drug overdose." 2nd Ed., p. 272, Philadelphia, P.A.: W.B. Saunders Company.
Hamilton, P.B. (1971): "A natural and extremely severe occurrence of aflatoxicosis in laying hens." Poult. Sci., 50: 1880-1882.
Hamilton, P.B. and Garlich, J.D. (1972): "Failure of vitamin supplementation to alter the fatty liver syndrome by aflatoxin." Poult. Sci., 51: 688.
Hamilton, P.B., Tung, H.T.; Harris, J.R. and Donaldson, W.E. (1972): "The effect of dietary fat on aflatoxins in turkeys." Poult. Sci., 51: 165-170.
Harland, E.C. and Cardeilhac, P.T. (1975): "Excretion of carbon-14-labeled aflatoxin B1 via bile, urine and intestinal contents of the chicken." Am. J. Vet. Res., 36: 909-912.
Harris, B.H. and Staples, C.R. (1992): "The problem of myotoxins in dairy cattle rations." Copyright by the Univ. of Florida, Institute of food and Agric. Sci. (UF/ IFAS).
Hassad, L.M. (1990): "Clinical management of poisoning and drug overdose." 2nd ed P.271. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co.
Hatch, R.C.; Clark, J.D.; Jain, A.V. and Mahaffey, E.A. (1971): "Experimentally induced acute aflatoxicosis in goats treated with ethyl maleate glutathione precursors or thiosulfate." Am. J. Vet. Res., 40: 405-411.
Hegazy, S.M.; Azzam, A. and Gabal, M.A. (1991): "Interaction of naturally occurring aflatoxins in poultry feed and immunization against fowl cholera." Poult. Sci., 70: 2425-2428.
Helferich, W.G.; Garret, W.N.; Hsieh, D.P. and Baldwin, R.L. (1986): "Feedlot performance and tissue residues of cattle consuming diets containing aflatoxins." J. Anim. Sci., 62: 691.
Hesseltine, C.W. (1983): "Introduction, definition and history of mycotoxins of importance to animal production. In: Interactions of mycotoxins in animal production." National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.
Hetzel, D.J.S.; Hoffmann, D.; Van De Ven, J. and Soeripto, S. (1984): "Mortality rate and liver histopathology in four breeds of ducks following long term exposure to low levels of aflatoxins." Sing. Vet. J., 8: 6-14.
Horn, C.W.; Boleman, L.L.; Coffman, C,G.; Deton, J.H. and Lawhorn, D.B. (1989): "Mycotoxins in feed and food producing crops college state Texas." Texas Vet. Med. Diagnostic, The National Dairy Database (1992).
Horr, F.J. and D'Andrea, G.H. (1983): "Biological effects of aflatoxin in swine." Pp. 51-55. In: U.L. Diener; R.L. Asquith and J.D. Dickens Eds. Aflatoxin and A. flavus in corn AAES, Aubura Univ. Alabama.
Howarth, B.Jr. and Wyatt, R.D. (1976): "Effect of dietary aflatoxin on fertility, hatchability and progeny performance of broiler breeder hens" Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 31: 680-684.
Hsieh, D.P. (1983): "Metabolism and transmission of mycotoxins." Proc. Int. Symp. Mycotoxins, Sept. 6-8, 1981; NRC, Cairo Egypt. Pp. 151-165.
Hsieh, D.P. (1985): "An assessment of liver cancer risk posed by AFM1 in Western World." In: Lacey, J. (ED.), Trichothecenes and other mycotxoins." Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp. 521-527.
Hsieh, D.P. and Atkinson, D.N. (1990): "Biological reactive intermediates and carcinogenicity." Plenum press, Pp. 525-532, New York.
Huff, W.E. and Doerr, J.A. (1980): "Synergism between aflatoxin and OA in broiler chickens." Poult. Sci., 60: 550.
Huff, W.E.; Doerr, J.A.; Wabeck, C.J.; Chaloupka, O.W.; May, J.D. and Merkley, J.W. (1983): "Individual and combined effects of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A on bruising in broiler chickens." Poult. Sci., 62: 1764-1771.
Huff, W.E.; Kubena, R.B.; Harvey, R.H.; Corrier, D.E. and Mollenhaur, H.H. (1986): "Progression of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens." Poult. Sci., 65: 1891-1899.
Huff, W.E.; Wyatt, R.D. and Hamilton, P.B. (1975): "Effects of dietary aflatoxin on certain egg yolk parameters." Poult. Sci., 54: 2014-2018.
Humphreys, D.J. (1988): "Veterinary toxicology." 3rd ed. P. 286, Bailiere Trindell, London.
Hutjens, M. (1983): "Aflatoxin contaminated feed and dairy." In: J. Jacobsen, Aflatoxin 83. Texas Vet. Med. Diagnostic lab., Texas collage. The National Dairy Database (1992) NDB/ Feeding/ Text/ FA10004000-TXT.
Jackson, P.E. and Groopman (1999): "Aflatoxin and liver cancer." Bailleres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol., 13 (ISS4): 45-55.
Jacobsen, B.J.; Brwon, K.L.; Shelby, R.A.; Diener, U.L.; Kemppainen, B.W. and Floyd, J. (1993): "Mycotoxins and mycotoxicosis circular ANR-767." Aubern Univeristy, Aubern, Alabama.
Jacopson, W.C. and Wiseman, H.G. (1974): "The transmission of aflatoxin B1 into eggs." Poult. Sci., 53: 1743-1745.
Jemmali, M. (1987): "Trade and economic implications of mycotoxins: Need of greater uniformity." Report No. 6, Working paper presented at the second joint FAO/WHO/UNEP, International Conference on Mycotxoins. Bangkok, Thailand, September 28 to October 3, 1987.
Jones, F.T.; Beth, M.; Genter, M.M.; Hagler, W.M.; Hansen, J.A.; Mowrewy, B.A.; Poore, M.H. and Whitlow, L.W. (1994): "Understanding and coping with effects of mycotoxins in livestock feed and forage." Electronic publication No. DRO-29, NCCES, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, North Carolina.
Jones, F.T.; Hagler, W.H. and Hamilton, P.B. (1982): "Association of low levels of aflatoxin in feeds with productivity losses in commercial broiler operations." Poult. Sci., 61: 861-868.
Jones, N.R. and Jones, B.D. (1969): "Aflatoxins." Voeding, 39: 330.
Jones, N.R. and Jones, B.D. (1978): "Aflatoxins." Voeding, 30: 330.
Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. (1983): "Handbook of natural toxins." Vol. I. Pp. 308, Plant and fungal toxins. New York, Marcal Dekker, Ine.
Keyl, A.C.; Booth, A.N.; Marri, M.S.; Gumbmann, M.R.; and Gagne, W.E. (1970): "Chronic effects of aflatoxin in farm animals-Feeding studies." Proc. Ist. U.S. Japan Conf. on toxic Microorganisms, USDA, Washington, D.C.: 72: 75.
Kiemeier, F. and Buchner, M. (1977): "Zur verteilung van aflatoxin M1 auf Molke and Bruch bei der Kasehersteilung." Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 164: 87.
Krishnamachari, K.A.; Bhat, R.V.; Nagarajan, V. and Tilak, T.B. (1975a): "Investigations into outbreak of hepatitis in parts of Western India." Indian J. Med. Res., 63: 1036-1049.
Krishnamachari, K.A.; Nagarajan, V.; Bhat, R.V. and Tilak, T.B. (1975b): "Hepatitis due to aflatoxicosis." An outbreak in Western India. Lencet i: 1061-1062.
Lamont, M.H. (1979): "Cases of suspected mycotoxicosis as reported by veterinary investigation centers." Proc. Mycotoxins Anim. Dis., 3: 38-39.
Lanza, G.M.; Washburn, K.W. and Wyatt, R.D. (1980): "Strain variation in hematological response of broilers to dietary aflatoxin." Poult. Sci., 59: 2686-2691.
Lawlor, P.G. and Lynch, P.B. (2001): "Mycotoxins in pig feeds. 2: clinical aspects." Irish Vet. J., 54 (4): 172-176.
Leeson, S.; Diaz, G.J. and Summers, J.D. (1995): "Poultry metabolic disorders and mycotixns." Pp. 249-298, University Books, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Leistner, L. (1984): "Toxigenic penicillia occurring in feeds and foods." In: H. Kurato and Y. Ueno (Eds), Toxigenic fungi, their toxins and health hazard, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York, pp. 162-171.
Liggett, A.D.; Colvin, B.M.; Beaver, R.W. and Wilson, D.M. (1986): "Canine aflatoxicosis: A continuing problem" Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 28: 428-430.
Lijinsky, W. and Butler, W.H. (1966): "Purification and toxicity of AFG1" Proc. Sac. Exp. Biol. Med., 123: 151.
Lillehoj, E.B. (1983): "Effect of environmental and cultural factors of aflatoxin contamination of developing corn kernels." In: V.L. Diener, R.L. Asquith and J.W. Dickens (Eds). Aflatoxin and A. flavus in corn. Southern Coop Serv. Bull. 279, Craftmaster, Opelika, Ala, 112P.
Ling, K.H.; Wang, J.J.; Wu, R.; Tung, T.C.; Lin, C.K.; Lin, S.S. and Lin, T,M. (1967): "Intoxication possibly caused by AFB1 in mouldy rice in shuang-chih township." J. Formosan Med. Assoc., 66: 517-525,
Lotzsch, R. and Leistner, L. (1977): "Ann. Nutr. Alim." 31: 499-508. Cited by Hsieh (1983).
Lye, M.S.; Ghazali, A.A.; Mohan, J.; Alwin, N. and Nair, R.C. (1995): "An outbreak of acute hepatic encephalopathy due to severe aflatoxicosis in Malaysia." Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 53 (1): 68-72.
Lynch, G.P. (1972): "Mycotoxins in feedstuffs and their effect on dairy cattle." J. Dairy Sci., 55: 1243-1255.
Lynch, G.P.; Shalkop, W.T.; Jacoby, N.M.; Smith, D.F. and Miller, R.W. (1971): J. Dairy Sci., 54: 1688. In: Mackenzie et al. (1981).
Lynch, G.P.; Todd, G.C.; Shalkop, W.T. and Moore, L.A. (1970): J. Dairy Sci., 53: 63. In: Mackenzie et al. (1981).
Masri, M.S.; Catcia, V.C. and Page, J.R. (1969): "AFM content of milk from cows fed known amounts of aflatoxin." Vet. Rec., 84: 146-147.
Mckenzie, R.A.; Blaney, B.J.; Connole, M.D. and Firzptrick, L.A. (1981): "Acute aflatoxicosis in calves fed peanut hay." Austr. Vet. J., 57: 284-286.
Merkley, J.W.; Maxwell, R.J.; Phillips, J.G. and Huff, W.E. (1987): "Hepatic fatty acids profiles in aflatoxin-exposed broiler chickens." Poult. Sci., 66: 59.
Mohiuddin, S.M.; Reddy, M.V.; Reddy, M.M. and Ramakrishna, K. (1986): "Studies on phagocytic activity and haematological changes in aflatoxicosis in poultry." Indian Vet. J., 63: 442-445.
Morchouse, L.G. (1981): "Mycotoxins-their toxicology and principle lesions." Proc. U.S. Anim. Health Assoc., 232.
Muller, R.D.; Carlson, C.W.; Semeniuk, G. and Harshfield, G.S. (1970): "The response of chicks, duckling, goslings, pheasants and poults to graded levels of aflatoxins." Poult. Sci., 49: 1346-1350.
Nesheim, M.C. and Ivy, C.A. (1971): "Effect of aflatoxin on egg production and liver fat in laying hens." Cornell Nutr. Conf. Buffalo, N.Y. 1971, Pp. 126-129.
Newberne, P.M. and Butler, W.H. (1969): "Acute and chronic effects of aflatoxin on the liver of domestic and laboratory animals." A review. Cancer Res.,29: 236.
Newberne, P.M.; Russo, R. and Wogan, G.N. (1966): "Acute toxicity of AFB1 in the dog." Pathol. Vet., 3: 331-340.
Northolt, M.D.; Van Egmond, H.P.; Soentoro, P. and Deijll, E. (1980): "Fungal growth and presence of sterigmatocystin in hard cheese." J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 63: 115-117.
Okoye, J.O.A.; Asuzu, I.U. and Gugnani, J.C. (1988): "Paralysis and lameness associated with aflatoxicosis in broilers." Avian Pathol., 17: 731-734.
Osborne, D.J.; Huff, W.E.; Hamilton, P.B. and Burtmeister, H.R. (1982): "Comparison of ochratoxin, aflatoxin and T-2 toxin for their effects on selected parameters related to digestion and evidence for specific metabolism of carotenoids in chickens." Poult. Sci, 61: 1646-1652.
Osweiler, G.D., et al., (1985): "Clinical and diagnostic veterinary toxicology." Dubuque Iowa, Kendall, Hunt, Pp. 393-402. Cited by Smith, B.P (2002).
Osweiller, G.D. (1992): "Mycooxins. In: Diseases of swine." 7th ed. Pp. 735-743. Edited by A.D. Leman, B.E. Straw, W.L. Mengeling, S.D.; Allaire and D.J. Taylor" Wolfe publishing, London.
Patterson, D.S.; Galaney, E.M. and Roberts, B.A. (1978): "The estimation of AFM1 in milk using 2-dimensional TLC" food and cosmetic toxicol., 16: 49-50.
Patterson, D.S.P. (1973): "Metabolism as a factor in determining the toxic action of the aflatoxins in different animal species." Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol., 11: 287-294.
Patterson, D.S.P. and Allcroft, R. (1970): "Metabolism of aflatoxins in susceptible and resistant animal species." Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol., 8: 43.
Pier, A.C. (1973): "Effects of aflatoxin on immunity." J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc., 163: 1268-1269.
Pier, A.C.; Cysewski, S.J.; Richard, J.L.;Baetz, A.L. and Mitchell, L. (1976): "Proc. U.S., Anim. Hlth. Assoc., 80:130. In: Mackenzie et al. (1981).
Price, R.L.; Paulson, J.H.; Lough, O.E.; Gingg, C. and Kurtz, A.G. (1985): "Aflatoxin conversion by dairy cattle consuming naturally contaminated whole cottonseed." J. Fd. Prot., 48: 11-15.
Purchase, I.F.H. (1967): "Acute toxicity of aflatoxin M1 and M2 in one-day old duckling." Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol., 5: 339.
Raisbeck, M.F.; Rottinghaus, G.E. and Kendall, J.D. (1991): "Effects of naturally occurring mycotoxins on ruminants." Pp. 647-677. In: Smith, J.E. and Henderson, R.S. (1991).
Rao, K.S. and Gehring, P.J. (1971): "Acute toxicity of AFB1 in monkeys" Toxicol. Appl. Pharmcol., 19: 169.
Rao, V.N. and Joshi, H.C. (1993): "Effect of certain drugs on acute induced aflatoxicosis in chicken (4 mg AFB1/ kg b.wt.)." Ind. Vet. J., 70: 344-347.
Rasostits, O.M.; Gay, C.C.; Blood, D.C. and Hinchcliff, K.W. (2000): "Veterinary medicine." Pp. 1684-1688. W.B. Saunders Co. Ltd., London.
Ray, A.C.; Abbitt, B.; Cotter, S.R.; Murphy, M.J.; Reagor, J.C.; Robinson, R.M.; West, J.E. and Whitford, H.W. (1986): "Bovine abortion and death associated with consumption of aflatoxin contaminated peanuts." J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 184: 956.
Reagor, J.C. (1996): "Implications of mycotoxins in horses." WEVR, 96, Cybersteed, Ine.
Reddy, D.N.; Rao, P.V.; Reddy, V.R. and Yadgiri, B. (1984): "Effect of selected levels of dietary aflatoxin on the performance of broiler chickens." Indian, J. Anim. Sci., 54: 68-73.
Richard, J.L.; Pier, A.C.; Stubblefiels, R.D.; Shotwell, O.L.; Lyon, R.L. and Cutlip, R.C. (1983): "Effect of feeding corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin on feed efficiency, on physiology, immunologic and pathologic changes and in tissue residues in steers." Am. J. Vet. Res., 44: 1294.
Richard, L.J.; Stubblefield, R.D.; Lyon, R.L.; Peden, W.M.; Thurston, J.R. and Rimler, R.B. (1987): "Distribution and clearance of aflatoxin B1 and M1 in turkeys fed diets containing 50 or 150 ppb aflatoxin from naturally contaminated corn." Avian Dis., 30: 788-793.
Richard, T.L.; Thurston, J.R. and Pier, A.C. (1975): "Mycotoxin-induced alterations in immunity." In: Microbiology, Schlessinger, D. Ed., American Society of Microbiologist, Washington, D.C.
Richardson, K.E. and Hamilton, P.B. (1987): "Enhanced production of pancreatic digestive enzymes during aflatoxicosis in egg-type chickens." Poult. Sci., 66: 1470-1478.
Rodricks, J.V. and Stoloff, L. (1977): "Mycotoxins in human and animal health." Pathotox publishers, park forest, south, 1L, Pp. 67-69.
Roebuck, B.D.; Siegal, W.G. and Wogan, G.N. (1978): "In vitro metabolism of AFB2 by animal and human liver cancer." Res., 38: 999-1002.
Royes, J.B. and Yanong, R.P. (2002): "Molds in fish feeds and aflatoxicosis." Copyright by the University of Florida, Institute of Agric. Sci. (UF/ IFAS).
Rumbeiha, W. (2001): "Mycotoxicosis in pets. DCPAH-Newsletter" Vol. 18 No. 2.
Rustom, I.Y.S. (1997): "Aflatoxin in food and feed. Occurrence, legislation and inactivation by physical methods." food chemistry, 59: 57-67.
Samarajeewa, U.; Arseculeratne, S.N. and Tennekoon, G.E. (1975): "Spontaneous and experimental aflatoxicosis in goats." Res. Vet. Sci., 19: 269-277.
Sargeant, K.; Carraghan, R.B. and Allcroft, R. (1963): "Toxic products in groundnuts. Chemistry and origin." Chem. And Ind., pp. 53-55.
Sawhney, D.S.; Vadehra, D.V. and Baker, R.C. (1973a): "Aflatoxicosis in the laying Japanese quail." Poult. Sci., 52: 485-493.
Sawhney, D.S.; Vadehra, D.V. and Baker, R.C. (1973b): "The metabolism of 14C aflatoxins in laying hens." Poult. Sci., 52: 1302-1309.
Schabort, J.C. and Steyn, M. (1969): "Substrate and phenobarbitol inducible aflatoxin-4-hydroxylation and aflatoxim metabolism by rat liver microsomes" Biochem. Pharmacol., 18: 2241-2252.
Schaeffer, J.L.; Tyczkowski, J.K., Riviere, J.E. and Hamilton, P.B. (1988): "Aflatoxin-impaired ability to accumulate oxycarotenoid pigments during restoration in young chickens." Poult., Sci., 67: 619-625.
Seibold, H.R. and Bailey, W.S. (1952): "An Epizootic of hepatitis "X" in dogs." J.A.V.M.A., 121: 201-206.
Shank, R.C. (1977): "Environmental cancer." Pp. 291-318. In: H.F. Kraybill and M.A. Mehlman (eds.), John Wiley sons Ltd New York.
Sharlin, J.S.; Howarth, B.Jr. and Wyatt, R.D. (1980): "Effect of dietary aflatoxin on serum characteristics of mature broiler breeder males." Poult. Sci., 59: 1311.
Sharlin, J.S.; Howarth, B.Jr.; Thompson, E.N. and Wyatt, R.D. (1981): "Decreased reproductive potential and reduced feed consumption in nature white leghorn males fed aflatoxin." Poult. Sci., 60: 2701.
Sharma, R.P. (1993): "Immunotoxicity of mycotoxins." J. Dairy Sci., 76: 892-897.
Siller, W.G. and Ostler, D.C. (1961): "The histopathology of an entero-hepatic syndrome of turkey poults." Vet. Rec., 73: 134-138.
Sisk, D.B.; Carlton, W.W. and Curtin, T.M. (1968): "Experimental aflatoxicosis in young swine." Am. J. Vet. Res., 29: 207-215.
Slowik, J.; Graczyk, S. and Madej., J.A. (1985): " The effect of single dose of AFB1 on the value of nuclear index of blood lymphocytes and on histopathological changes in the liver, bursa of fabricious, suprarenal glands and spleen in ducklings." Folia Histochem. Cytobiol., 3: 71-80.
Smith, B.P. (2002): "Large animal internal medicine." 3rd ed. Pp. 1627-1637. Mosby, Inc. USA.
Smith, J.E. and Hamilton, P.B. (1970): "Aflatoxicosis in the broiler chicken." Poult. Sci., 49: 207.
Smith, J.E. and Henderson, R.S. (1991): "Mycotoxins and animal foods." Pp. 553-726, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Boston, London.
Smith, J.E. and Ross, K. (1991): "The toxigenic Aspergilli." In: Smith, J.E. and Henderson, R.S. (1991).
Smith, J.W. and Hamillon, P.B. (1970): "Aflatoxicosis in broiler chicken." Poult. Sci., 49: 207.
Stewart, D. and Larson, E. (2002): "Aflatoxicosis in wildlife. Information Sheet 1582" Mississippi State Univ. Extension Service., Cooperating with U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
Stewart, R.G.; Skeeles, J.K.; Wyatt, R.D.; Brown, J.; Page, R.K.; Russell, I.D. and Lukert, P.D. (1985): "The effect of aflatoxin on complement activity in broiler chickens" Poult. Sci., 64: 616-619.
Stoloff, L. (1980): "Aflatoxin M1 in perspective." J. Food Prot., 43: 226.
Thaxton, J.P.; Tung, H.T. and Hamilton, P.B. (1974): "Immunosuppression in chickens by aflatoxin" Poult. Sci., 53: 721.
Thornburg, L.P. and Raisbeck, M.F. (1988): "A study of canine hepatobiliary disease. Part 9: hemolytic disease, mycotoxicosis and pregnancy toxemia in the bitch." Comp. Anim. Pract., 2: 13-17.
Tjalve, H.; Larson, P.; Anderson, C. and Buck, L. (1992): "Bioactivation of AFB1 in the bovine olfactory mucosa: DNA binding, mutagenicity and induction of sister chromatide exchanges." Carcinogenesis, 13: 1345-1350.
Tung, H.T.; Cook, F.W.; Wyatt, R.D. and Hamilton, P.B. (1975a): "The anemia caused by aflatoxin" Poult. Sci., 54: 1962-1969.
Tung, H.T.; Donadson, W.E. and Hamilton, P.B. (1972): "Altered lipid transport during aflatoxicosis" Toxicol. Appl. Pharmcol., 22: 97.
Tung, H.T.; Smith, J.W. and Hamilton, P.B. (1971): "Aflatoxicosis and buruising in the chicken" Poult. Sci., 50: 795-800.
Tung, H.T.; Wyatt, R.D., Thaxton, P. and Hamilton, P.B. (1973): "Impairment of kidney function during aflatoxicosis" Poult. Sci., 52: 873.
Tung, H.T.; Wyatt, R.D.; Thaxon, P. and Hamilton, P.B. (1975b): "Concentrations of serum proteins during aflatoxicosis." Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 34: 320-326.
Tyczkowski, J.K. and Hamilton, P.B. (1987): "Altered metabolism of carotenoids during aflatoxicosis in young chickens." Poult. Sci., 66: 1184-1188.
Van der Linde, L.A.; Van der Frens, A.M. and Van Esch, G.J. (1965): "Experiments with cows fed groundnut meal containing aflatoxin." P. 247. In: G.N. Wogan, ed. Mycotoxins in foodstuffs. MIT Press, Cambridge, mass.
Van Dorp, D.A. and van der Zijden (1963): "Dihydro-aflatoxin B1, metabolite of A. flavus" Rec. Trax. Chem. Des pays. Bas., 82: 587-592.
Van Rensburg, S.J. (1977): "Role of epidemiology in the elucidation of mycotoxin health risks." Pp. 699-712. In: J.V Rodricks; C.W. Hesseltine and M.A. Mehlman (eds), Mycotoxins in human and animal health. Pathotox publishers, Inc., Park Forest, South Illinois.
Veldman, A.; Meijst, J.A.; Borggreve, G.J. and Heeres-Van Der Tol (1992): "Carry-over of aflatoxin from cows food to milk." Anim. Prod., 55: 163-168.
Vincelli, P.; Paker, G. and McNeill, S. (2002): "Aflatoxin in corn." ID-59, UK Extension Publications of interest.
Viviers, J. and Schabort, J.C. (1985): "AFB1 alters protein phosphorylation in rat livers." Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 129: 342-349.
Wannop, C.C. (1961): "The histopathology of turkey "X" disease in great Britain." Avian Dis., 5: 371-381.
Weidenborner, M. (2001): "Encyclopedia of food mycotoxins." Spronger Publisher Berlin, New York, London.
WHO, World Health Organization (1979): "Environmental Health Criteria, Safety evaluation of certain food additives." Pp. 1-127 YR: 1979 IP: VI: 11.
WHO, World Health Organization (1998): "Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants." International Program on chemical safety, WHO, Food additive series, 40.
Wilson, H.R.; Douglas, C.R.; Harms, R.H. and Edds, G.T. (1975): "Reduction of aflatoxin effects on quail." Poult. Sci., 54: 923-925.
Wogan, C.N. (1965): "Chemical nature and biological effects of the aflatoxins." Bacteriol. Rev., 30: 460.
Wogan, G.N. (1966): "Chemical nature and biological effects of the aflatoxins" Bacterial. Rev., 30: 460-470.
Wogan, G.N. (1969): "Naturally occurring carcinogens in foods." Prog. Exptl. Tumr. Res., 11: 134-162.
Wyatt, R.D. (1991): "Poultry." pp. 553-578, In: Smith, J.E. and Henderson, R.S. (1991).
Wyatt, R.D. and Hamilton, P.B. (1975): "Interaction between aflatoxicosis and a natural infection of chickens with salmonella" Appl. Microbiol., 30: 870-872.
Wyatt, R.D.; Briggs, D.M. and Hamilton, P.B. (1973): "The effect of dietary aflatoxin on mature broiler breeder males" Poult. Sci., 52: 1119-1123.
Wylie, T.D. and Morehouse, L.G. (1978): "Mycotoxic fungi, mycotoxins and mycotoxicosis." Vol. 2, Pp. 414-427. Marcel Dekker, INC, USA.
)
View on SCiNiTO