GIS modeling of water erosion in Jordan using "RUSLE" نمذجة رياضية اعتمادا على نظم المعلومات الجغرافية لتعرية المياه في الأردن باستخدام نموذج RUSLE

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Jordan is a country dominated by arid climate and fragile ecological system, which makes
land degradation, soil erosion and desertification important areas of interest. This study creates a
soil erosion model based on the RUSLE erosion model, resulting in a national potential soil erosion
map for Jordan. The objective of this study is to create a national potential erosion map for Jordan
using the RUSLE erosion model. To meet the objective of this study a GIS database was created to
support the application of RUSLE in Jordan. The R, K, LS, and C factors have been created from
RUSLE model using local data. The C factor was estimated from previous studies, and expert's
evaluations. According to RUSLE model, the regions with high erosion rates are the northern
highlands, Jordan Valley escarpment and some parts of Araba Hills in the southern Jordan. These
regions have steep slope with precipitation rates ranging from 50 mm to 100 mm in the south to 550
-600 mm in the north. The model shows that the annual soil loss ranges between 0 - >100
tons/ha.yr.
يسيطر على الأردن المناخ الجاف والنظام البيئي الهش، الأمر الذي يجعل منـ اطق تـدهور الأراضـي
وتعرية التربة و التصحر محط الاهتمام . هذه الدراسة تبني نموذجاً رياضياً لتعرية التربـة اسـتنادا إلـى نمـوذج
تعريةRUSLE، للتوصل إلى عمل خارطة تعرية التربة المحتملة الوطنية للأردن . الهدف من هذه الدراسـة هـو
إنشاء خريطة وطنية للتعرية المحتملة للأردن باستخدام نموذج تعرية RUSLE ل. تحقيق الهدف من هذه الدراسة تم
إنشاء قاعدة بيانات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية لدعم تطبيق RUSLE في الأردن . وقد تم إنشاء عوامـل LS،K،R،
وC من نموذج RUSLE باستخدام البيانات المحلية . تم ت قدير عامل C استناداً إلـى الدراسـات الـسابقة و تقيـيم
الخبراء. وفقا لنموذج RUSLE، تبين أن المناطق ذات معدلات ال تعرية ال عالية هي المرتفعـات الـشمالية ، و وادي
غور الأردن وبعض أجزاء من تلال وادي عربة في جنوب الأردن . هذه المناطق تمتاز ب منحدرات حادة ومعدلات
هطول أمطار تتراوح بين ٥٠ملم إلى ١٠٠ملم في الجنوب إلى ٦٠٠-٥٥٠ ملم في الشمال .يبين ال نمـوذج أن فقـدان
التربة السنوي يتراوح بين ١٠٠ <-٠ /طن هکتار في السنة .

Keywords


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