SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING CHILD LABOR AND THE RELATED HAZARDS IN ASSIUT CITY, EGYPT العوامل االجتماعية واالقتصادية التي تؤثر على عمالة األطفال والمخاطر المرتبطة بھا في مدينة أسيوط ـ مصر

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

This work aimed to study some socio-economic factors affecting childlabor in Assiut City,
regarding familial and housing conditions of those children. Also, to shed light on work-related
health hazards, as well as, work environment, in addition to identifying the main causes of
school drop-out among those children. This study has been conducted at workplace of the
studied children through personal interviews with every child alone. The study included 295
children, whose ages were 15 years or less. The study findings showed that (63.4%) of children
were working (8-12 hours) daily, (41.7%) left school before completing the basic education for
many reasons, including absence of desire to continue education, repeated failure, family
carelessness, financial problems and death of parents. It is documented that more than half of
school drop-outs (59.3%) were living in two-parent basic families. The study recommends that
the already working children who forced early to labor due to adverse circumstances, should be
covered by medical and social insurance, and abolishing their illiteracy and prohibiting
children employment in hazardous work. Also, it recommends the necessity of total enrolment
of all eligible children in basic compulsory education and reviewing the education system to
make the school more attractive to children with the aim to minimize the school drop-outs
کان الھدف من ھذا البحث ھو دراسة بعض العوامل االجتماعية واالقتصادية التى تؤثر على
عمالة األطفال فى مدينة أسيوط من حيث الظروف األسرية والمعيشية لھؤالء األطفال وکذا إلقاء
الضوء على بيئة العمل والمخاطر المھنية المرتبطة بالعمل والتى قد يتعرض لھا األطفال العاملون ،
ً معرفة األسباب الرئيسية لتسرب األطفال من الدراسة . ھذا وقد أجريت ھذه الدراسة فى مکان
ً وأيضا
عمل األطفال حيث جرت مقابلة شخصية لکل طفل على حده . وقد شملت ھذه الدراسة ٢٩٥ طفال
ممن تتراوح أعمارھم ما بين١٥ -٦ سنة . کان بعض ھؤالء األطفال ال يزالون ملتحقين بالدراسة
بجانب مزاولتھم للعمل . وقد أوضحت نتائج ھذه الدراسة أن (٦٣٫٤%) من ھؤالء األطفال يعملون
ما بين ( ٨ ـ ١٢ ) ساعة يوميا و أن (٤١٫٧%) من ھؤالء األطفال العاملين قد ترکوا المدرسة
ألسباب عديدة منھا عدم الرغبة فى التعلم ،الرسوب المتکرر ، عدم اھتمام األسرة بالتعليم ، الضائقة
المالية التى تعانى منھا األسرة ، موت أحد األبوين أو کليھما . وقد أثبتت الدراسة أن معظم األطفال
الذين ترکوا المدرسة کانوا يعيشون مع والديھم . وقد أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تغطية ھؤالء
ً بمظلة التأمين الصحى
األطفال الذين دفعتھم ظروفھم الغير مواتية إلى سوق العمل مبکرا
واإلجتماعي لحمايتھم من األخطار التى يتعرضون لھا أثناء العمل ، وکذا محو أميتھم ومنع اشتغالھم
ً باألعمال الخط لألطفال حتى تقل
ً محببا
رة وإعادة النظر فى العملية التعليمية لجعل المدرسة مکانا
عملية التسرب من المدرسـة .

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